Management and Key Issues for Sustainable Utilization of Caterpillar Fungus (Yarsagumba) in Nepal

The insect pathogenic fungus yarsagumba (Ophiocordyceps sinensis) is dominant and economically important caterpillar fungus for mountain livelihoods. In Nepal, it’s occurrence is reported from 3540m-5050m from 24 different Northern districts though detail inventory and taxonomic identification is necessary. Since almost last 20 years it is being collected from Nepal and fetching high price in the International market. Recognizing the commercial importance of such high value product the government of Nepal imposed many series of provisions for ban and restrictions over the decade. Threats associated with caterpillar fungus distribution and the ecosystems are mainly caused by direct and indirect human activities such as habitat alteration/destruction and unmanaged extraction of resource for trade. As sustainable harvesting requires sustainable management, an effort should be paid to enhance management procedures. Here I have tried to highlight and develop, different issues, strategies and actions programme in the context of Nepal.